A very fine gilt-bronze figure of Khasarpana Lokeshvara17th/18th century
Well cast seated in lalitasana on a double-lotus pedestal with the right foot resting on an individual lotus issuing from the base, the right hand in vitarka mudra whilst the left hand resting on the pedestal, flanked by lotuses rising to the shoulders, the serene face framed by an elaborate tiara and disk earrings, wearing a goat skin over the left shoulder and a dhoti heavily adorned with incised floral pattern and beaded jewellery richly inset with turquoise. 26.3cm (10 3/8in) high.注脚十七/十八世紀 銅鎏金空行觀音坐像

Himalayan Art Resources item no.16786
喜馬拉雅藝術資源網16786號

Provenance:
Henry Harrison Getty (1838-1919), by repute
Alice Getty (d.1946), by repute
Courtenay Morgan, Viscount Tredegar (1867-1934), by repute
Evan Morgan, 2nd Viscount Tredegar (1893-1949), by repute
Professor and Mrs Bellerby, by repute
Mark Dineley (1901-1975)
Peter Dineley (1938-2018), and thence by descent

Noted in the handwritten family 'A Catalogue of the Dineley Collection of Tibetiana and Associated Buddhistic Objects', early 1960s, p.98.

來源：
傳亨利·哈里遜·蓋蒂舊藏（1838-1919年）
傳愛麗絲·蓋蒂舊藏（卒於1946年）
傳卓德嘉子爵考特尼·摩根舊藏（1867-1934年）
傳特里迪格子爵二世艾文·摩根舊藏（1893-1949年）
傳貝勒比教授及夫人舊藏
馬克·戴尼利舊藏（1901-1975年）
彼得·戴尼利舊藏（1938-2018年），並由家族繼承

記載於戴尼利家族手稿《戴尼利家族的西藏州和相關的佛教物品收藏目錄》'A Catalogue of the Dineley Collection of Tibetiana and Associated Buddhistic Objects'，1960年代初，頁98。

The present figure can be identified as Khasarpana Lokeshvara or the 'Sky Flier' by the krishnasara deer skin draped over his left shoulder, and the lotus stem held in the left hand, as well as the vitarka mudra or the gesture of generosity of the right hand.

The square and flattened lotus leaves and the finely incised details suggest the figure was likely made by the Imperial Workshops between the Kangxi and Qianlong reigns, taking the inspiration from the earlier prototype of imperial gilt-bronze figures produced in the 15th century, such as the gilt-bronze seated figure of Avalokiteshvara, Zhengtong, illustrated in The Complete Collection of Treasures of the Palace Museum: Buddhist Status of Tibet, Shanghai, 2003, p.232, no.221. Compare also a related gilt-bronze figure of Green Tara, Kangxi, with a very similar iconography but the absence of the deer skin, illustrated in ibid., p.241, no.230.

觀音頭戴五葉冠，墜雙環於耳下，開臉慈祥秀美，細眉低垂，挺鼻，嘴含笑，胸戴瓔珞，左肩披羊皮，兩手執蓮莖，蓮莖隨手臂直達肩部生出飽滿蓮花，豐胸細腰，半跏趺坐，右腳踏蓮，蓮生於仰覆蓮座底部，蓮座上下緣皆飾連珠紋，觀音下身裙擺鏨刻花紋錦地緄邊，通體鎏金，首飾嵌松石、珊瑚等雜寶。

空行觀音梵語名Khasarpana，意為空中的飛行者，其形象和綠度母相似，然而肩頭常披鹿皮或羊皮，以此區別之。本件空行觀音為康乾時期的宮廷造作，風格承襲自明代宮廷造像，可參考一件北京故宮藏明正統觀音菩薩坐像，見《故宮博物院藏文物珍品大系：藏傳佛教造像》，上海，2003年，頁232，編號221；北京故宮藏一件清康熙綠度母除了左肩沒有搭羊皮以外，其他部分皆和本件頗似，亦資參考，見前書，頁241，編號230。